Encyclopedia of Indian Erotics by Ram Kumar Rai (2005)

Indian Sastras almost universally lay down three/four aims of life for a normal human being. These, consisting of Artha, Dharma and Kama, are called Trivarga and to these a fourth, Moksa which is dependent upon the proper performance of the preceding three, has been added by Vatsyayana. The sages, from the earliest times have devoted themselves to the formulation of the maxims and norms for each of these aims of life. Therefore the treatment of Kamasastra or Erotics also received their serious attention. As a consequence even in the Rgveda (X. 129, 4-5), besides a glorification of spiritual exaltation, this aspect of human life has not been ignored. In fact there is a frank recognition of sexuality as the most powerful impulse of human mind. This impulse of Kama has been described as the ‘first seed of mind’, the first impulse for creation. Even the cosmogenic principles themselves are spoken of as both male and female, as impregnators and receptive powers, as ‘energy below and impulse above’. Thus, in this cosmic conception of Kama we have the earliest acknowledgement in the world literature of sex-desire in an individualized form as the primal source of all existence. Even the act of consummation has been openly described in the Wedding Hymn of Rgveda

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